（The Infinitive）

　　定義：動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種，它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，但它仍保持動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，既可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。 E.g. He want his students to read the book aloud.

　　A．

　　1不定式的構(gòu)成 （以動(dòng)詞do為例）

　　主動(dòng)形式 被動(dòng)形式

　　一般式 to do to be done

　　完成式 to have done to have been done

　　進(jìn)行式 to be doing 無(wú)

　　完成進(jìn)行式 to have been doing 無(wú)

　　2不定式的意義

　　不定式的一般式(to do )

　　一般式表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的同時(shí)或之后

　　My wish is to become a doctor

　　He seemed to be tired.

　　She stopped to have a rest.

　　不定式的被動(dòng)式 (to be done)

　　當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),不定式一般要用被動(dòng)式.

　　The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.

　　I am going to Beijing, I have something to take to my parents, do you have something to be taken to your parents?

　　如果謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí), 不定式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,這時(shí)候不定式就要用進(jìn)行式.（to be doing）

　　They are said to be building another bridge across the street.

　　They seemed to be talking about something important.

　　When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.

　　I’m glad to be working with you.

　　如果不定式所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前，就用完成式 (to have done) ；若是在此基礎(chǔ)上的被動(dòng)含義，就用完成被動(dòng)式( to have been done).

　　He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.

　　He thought it a pity not to have invited us.

　　The assistant seemed to have been fired.

　　He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.

　　Einstein is said to have built up his theory when he was in his twenties.

　　如果不定式的動(dòng)作是在謂語(yǔ)所表示的時(shí)間之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，就要用完成進(jìn)行式.

　　They are said to have been collecting folk song in Xinjiang.

　　We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.