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英語語法——動詞的時態1(2)

來源:網絡資源 文章作者:匿名 2009-07-14 14:28:46

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  4)  be about to +不定式,意為馬上做某事。例如:

  He is about to leave for Beijing. 他馬上要去北京。

  注意:be about to do 不能與tomorrow, next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。

  11.5 be going to / will 用于條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意愿。例如:

  If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

  Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

  11.6 be to和be going to

  be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如:

  I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.  明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排)

  I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排)

  11.7 一般現在時表將來

  1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:

  The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。

  When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時候開?十分鐘后。

  2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如:

  Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。

  There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。

  3)在時間或條件句中。例如:

  When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后,讓他等我。

  I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就寫信給你。

  4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:

  I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

  Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關了。

  11.8 用現在進行時表示將來

  下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現在進行時可以表示將來。例如:

  I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

  Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?

  11.9 現在完成時

  現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,其結果的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。其構成:have (has) +過去分詞。

  11.10 比較一般過去時與現在完成時

  1)一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調動作;現在完成時為過去發生的,強調過去的事情對現在的影響,強調的是影響。

  2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。

  一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。

  現在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的時間狀語。

  共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

  3)現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

  一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:

  I saw this film yesterday. (強調看的動作發生過了)

  I have seen this film. (強調對現在的影響,電影的內容已經知道了)

  Why did you get up so early? (強調起床的動作已發生過了)

  Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強調有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)

  He has been in the League for three years. (在團內的狀態可延續)

  He has been a League member for three years. (是團員的狀態可持續)

  句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現在完成時,要用過去時。

  (錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

  (對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

  11.11 用于現在完成時的句型

  1)It is the first / second time.... that…結構中的從句部分,用現在完成時。例如:

  It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。

  This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

  注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.

  2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結構,that 從句要用現在完成時。例如:

  This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。

  典型例題

  (1) ---Do you know our town at all?

  ---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

  A. was  B. have been  C. came  D. am coming

  答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應為現在完成時,故選B。

  (2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

  ---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

  A. even, come  B. even, have come  C. ever, come  D. ever, have come

  答案D. ever意為曾經或無論何時,反意詞為never,此兩詞常用于完成時。

  注意:非延續性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續時間的狀語連用。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。

  (錯)I have received his letter for a month.

  (對)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

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